TY - JOUR AU - Li, Chia-Wei AU - Lim, Seung-Oe AU - Hsu, Jennifer L. AU - Hung, Mien-Chie PY - 2017 TI - Rational combination of immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer treatment JF - Chinese Clinical Oncology; Vol 6, No 5 (October 31, 2017): Chinese Clinical Oncology (Esophagus Cancer-Guest Editors: Geoffrey Y. Ku, David H. Ilson) Y2 - 2017 KW - N2 - Recent evidence indicates that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including cytotoxic T cells, are present in the tumor microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Despite the presence of cytotoxic T cells, these tumors still develop, progress, and metastasize, suggesting evasion of immune response. One mechanism of immunosuppression is the presence of the T cell inhibitory molecule, programmed death protein 1 (PD-1), on infiltrating T cells and its cognate ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells, myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages, in the tumor microenvironment. Because TNBC is immunologically insensitive, combinatorial strategies may be ideal to increase both anti-proliferation activity and cytotoxic T cells activity in TNBC. On the basis of two recently discovered regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1, we discuss the potential interactions to boost anti-tumor immunity against TNBC in this review and propose therapeutic strategies that could reduce PD-L1 expression by chemotherapeutic drugs or targeted therapies and sensitize TNBC to immunotherapies. UR - https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/16393